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Fabrication of a spherical inclusion phantom for validation of magnetic resonance-based magnetic susceptibility imaging
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e0220639 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Fabrication of a spherical multi-compartment MRI phantom is demonstrated that can be used to validate magnetic resonance (MR)-based susceptibility imaging reconstruction. The phantom consists of a 10 cm diameter gelatin sphere that encloses multiple smaller gelatin spheres doped with different concentrations of paramagnetic contrast agents. Compared to previous multi-compartment phantoms with cylindrical geometry, the phantom provides the following benefits: (1) no compartmental barrier materials are used that can introduce signal voids and spurious phase; (2) compartmental geometry is reproducible; (3) spherical susceptibility boundaries possess a ground-truth analytical phase solution for easy experimental validation; (4) spherical geometry of the overall phantom eliminates background phase due to air-phantom boundary in any scan orientation. The susceptibility of individual compartments can be controlled independently by doping. During fabrication, formalin cross-linking and water-proof surface coating effectively blocked water diffusion between the compartments to preserve the phantom's integrity. The spherical shapes were realized by molding the inner gel compartments in acrylic spherical shells, 3 cm in diameter, and constructing the whole phantom inside a larger acrylic shell. From gradient echo images obtained at 3T, we verified that the phantom produced phase images in agreement with the theoretical prediction. Factors that limit the agreement include: air bubbles trapped at the gel interfaces, imperfect magnet shimming, and the susceptibility of external materials such as the phantom support hardware. The phantom images were used to validate publicly available codes for quantitative susceptibility mapping. We believe that the proposed phantom can provide a useful testbed for validation of MR phase imaging and MR-based magnetic susceptibility reconstruction.
- Subjects :
- Polymers
030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
Diagnostic Radiology
0302 clinical medicine
Animal Products
Medicine and Health Sciences
Materials
Multidisciplinary
Phantoms, Imaging
Radiology and Imaging
Physics
Applied Mathematics
Simulation and Modeling
Magnetism
Quantitative susceptibility mapping
Agriculture
Oxides
Equipment Design
Condensed Matter Physics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic field
Chemistry
Macromolecules
Physical Sciences
Medicine
Engineering and Technology
Algorithms
Research Article
Materials science
Imaging Techniques
Science
Materials Science
Phase (waves)
Research and Analysis Methods
Imaging phantom
Spherical geometry
Iron Oxides
03 medical and health sciences
Optics
Diagnostic Medicine
Coatings
Humans
business.industry
Surface Treatments
Chemical Compounds
Biology and Life Sciences
Polymer Chemistry
Magnetic susceptibility
Surface coating
Magnetic Fields
Manufacturing Processes
Magnet
Acrylics
Gelatin
business
Preservatives
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Mathematics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7182dfb8cbb0ad72035cf45c31e384a0