First De Novo Transcriptome of the Copepod

Simple Summary Compared to more accessible sites, organisms inhabiting Antarctic waters have been poorly investigated. This study provides the first molecular resource (transcriptome from whole individual) for the eucalanoid copepod Rhincalanus gigas, one of the predominant zooplankton species of Antarctic waters. Sequence analyses identified possible adaptation strategies adopted by the organism to cope with cold environments. Among those, we identified in R. gigas transcriptome three predicted genes encoding for antifreeze proteins and gene duplication within the glutathione metabolism pathway. This new molecular resource, provided here, will be useful to study the physiology, ecology, and biology of R. gigas and it increases the information available for polar environments. Abstract Antarctic waters are the largest almost untapped diversified resource of our planet. Molecular resources for Antarctic organisms are very limited and mostly represented by sequences used for species genotyping. In this study, we present the first transcriptome for the copepod Rhincalanus gigas, one of the predominant zooplankton species of Antarctic waters. This transcriptome represents also the first molecular resource for an eucalanoid copepod. The transcriptome is of high quality and completeness. The presence of three predicted genes encoding antifreeze proteins and gene duplication within the glutathione metabolism pathway are suggested as possible adaptations to cope with this harsh environment. The R. gigas transcriptome represents a powerful new resource for investigating the molecular basis associated with polar biological processes and ecology.