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The Role of Microbial Amino Acid Metabolism in Host Metabolism
- Source :
- Nutrients, Vol 7, Iss 4, Pp 2930-2946 (2015), Nutrients, 7(4), 2930-2946. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Nutrients
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Disruptions in gut microbiota composition and function are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The functional output of the gut microbiota, including short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, are thought to be important modulators underlying the development of these disorders. Gut bacteria can alter the bioavailability of amino acids by utilization of several amino acids originating from both alimentary and endogenous proteins. In turn, gut bacteria also provide amino acids to the host. This could have significant implications in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with elevated systemic concentrations of certain amino acids, in particular the aromatic and branched-chain amino acids. Moreover, several amino acids released by gut bacteria can serve as precursors for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, which also play a role in the development of obesity. In this review, we aim to compile the available evidence on the contribution of microbial amino acids to host amino acid homeostasis, and to assess the role of the gut microbiota as a determinant of amino acid and short-chain fatty acid perturbations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Subjects :
- Dietary Fiber
obesity
DIET-INDUCED OBESITY
HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA
type 2 diabetes mellitus
short-chain fatty acids
WEIGHT-LOSS
Context (language use)
lcsh:TX341-641
Review
Biology
Gut flora
Insulin resistance
Amino acid homeostasis
INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
medicine
Animals
Humans
chemistry.chemical_classification
amino acids
INSULIN-RESISTANCE
Nutrition and Dietetics
gut microbiota
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Fatty acid
GERM-FREE
Metabolism
Fatty Acids, Volatile
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Amino acid
Gastrointestinal Tract
PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR
CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
chemistry
Biochemistry
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA
GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT
Insulin Resistance
lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726643
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7135ced8f074fb40df1e52000539ba1c