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Modulation of nerve and glial function by adenosine—role in the development of ischemic damage
- Source :
- International Journal of Biochemistry. 26:1227-1236
- Publication Year :
- 1994
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 1994.
-
Abstract
- Adenosine is released during brain ischemia and provides neuroprotection by actions on nerve and glial cells. Activation of the adenosine A1 receptor enhances the K+ and Cl- conductance in neurons, leading to membrane hyperpolarization and postsynaptic reduction of neuronal Ca2+ influx through voltage- and NMDA receptor-dependent channels. In addition adenosine A1 receptor activation decreases excitatory amino acid release, possibly via inhibition of N- and P-type Ca2+ channels. The A1 and A2 receptors, coupled to Gi/G(o) and Gs proteins respectively, often co-exist and interact with the phospholipase C-dependent activation of the protein kinase C and the adenylyl cyclase. Activation of the A1 receptor may mimic metabotropic receptor stimulation in activating intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and PKC. A2 receptor mediated cAMP formation is depressed by high intracellular Ca2+ but enhanced by PKC activation. By modulating these metabolic signaling events, adenosine may influence acute cell functions, gene transcription and sustained changes of nerve and glial cells relevant for the development of ischemic damage. The neuroprotective adenosine effect seems to be amplified by treatment with propentofylline, which enhances adenosine release, influences the balance between A1 and A2 receptor mediated actions, depresses the free radical formation in activated microglia and influences astrocyte reactions.
- Subjects :
- Neurons
Adenosine
Ion Transport
Receptors, Purinergic P1
Purinergic signalling
Biology
Adenosine A3 receptor
Biochemistry
Adenosine receptor
Ion Channels
Brain Ischemia
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenosine A1 receptor
chemistry.chemical_compound
Metabotropic receptor
chemistry
medicine
Animals
Neuroglia
Adenosine A2B receptor
Signal Transduction
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 0020711X
- Volume :
- 26
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Biochemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....70eea65863cf28ab667be8fd4936f4ba