Ultrasound-guided vein puncture versus surgical cut-down technique in totally implantable venous access devices (tivads)

otally implantable venous access devices (TI-VADs) consist of a central venous catheter(made of silicone rubber or polyurethane) and asubcutaneously-implanted injection port made oftitanium or plastic, providing a simple, safe, andpermanent means of accessing the vascular systemfor intravenous delivery of drugs and fluids.