Glycemic relapse in a collaborative primary care-based type 2 diabetes management program

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of glycemic relapse in patients who attained their glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) goal through a health system-wide collaborative primary care-based pharmacist- and Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES)-led type 2 diabetes (T2D) management program and to identify relapse risk factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined patients with T2D in the diabetes management program with a baseline A1C of at least 9% who attained their A1C goal. The primary outcome was incidence of glycemic relapse. Time to relapse was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curve, and a cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify the risk factors for glycemic relapse. Results Three hundred sixty-two patients were followed-up for a median of 10.5 (interquartile range 12.1) months after program completion; 38 patients (10.5%) experienced a glycemic relapse. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated a 12-month relapse rate of 8.3%. The presence of a medication adherence barrier, presence of a higher number of chronic medications at baseline, presence of a baseline body mass index (BMI) of 30-39.9, and use of insulin at program completion increased risk for glycemic relapse in a univariate model. In multivariate regression, baseline BMI of 30-39.9 remained statistically significant. Older age at baseline was associated with a statistically significantly decreased relapse risk in both models. Conclusion This study highlights a low incidence of glycemic relapse for patients with T2D who reach their A1C goal through a collaborative primary care-based pharmacist- and CDCES-led T2D management program. The presence of risk factors for glycemic relapse may indicate a need for ongoing intensive care despite achieving A1C goal.