Clinical outcomes of metallic Y-shaped covered stents for bronchopleural fistula around upper carina after lobectomy

Background Few studies have reported the placement of metallic Y-shaped covered stents (Y stents) for bronchopleural fistula around the upper carina. Methods Eighteen patients were treated with Y stents insertion under the guidance of fluoroscopy. All covered stents were custom-designed and inserted to fit the upper carina anatomy. Clinical data and medical imaging data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The stents were implanted successfully for the first time in 17 patients, and one patient needed a second attempt due to stent migration during withdrawal of the guide wires. In total, 19 small Y single-plugged stents were inserted in the upper carina and 5 large Y stents additionally in the main carina. Nineteen complications were observed in 14 patients, including 4 major complications. Stents were successfully removed in 12 patients due to complications or cure efficacy, for a median duration in place of 89.5 days. One patient lost follow-up. Nine patients were cured, and three had clinical improvement. One patient died of ventricular fibrillation the second day after the procedure and 4 patients died of tumors 7.8 to 91.7 months after stent placement. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 87.5, 80.8 and 80.8%, respectively. Conclusions Metallic Y stent placement is technically feasible, effective and safe for bronchopleural fistula disease around the upper carina.