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The Optimized N, P, and K Fertilization for Bermudagrass Integrated Turf Performance during the Establishment and Its Importance for the Sustainable Management of Urban Green Spaces
- Source :
- Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 10294, p 10294 (2020), Sustainability, Volume 12, Issue 24
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) turf is the most widely used turfgrass in urban landscapes. Large amounts of fertilizer are usually applied for maximum turf performance, while relatively little attention has been paid to efficient nutrient management of bermudagrass turf. The design opted for was a 3-factor and 5-level Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) consisting of 24 experimental runs in the greenhouse with response surface methodology (RSM) and simulated regression modeling. The experiment covered in this study was carried out at Sichuan Agricultural University with the objectives of understanding the interactive effects of nitrogen, (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization on the bermudagrass integrated turf performance (ITP) and optimizing the amount of N, P, and K required for optimum turf performance during establishment. The qualitative and quantitative relationships between bermudagrass and fertilization significantly affected the ITP. The N, P, and K Fertilization significantly influenced the percent grass cover, turf height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total chlorophyll content. Fertilization with N and P significantly enhanced the tiller length, turf density, color, and total protein levels. Root length was augmented with the application of P and K. We found that 3-D surface plots indicated significant interactive effects of NP, NK, and PK on the ITP. A simulation optimization and frequency analysis indicated that the optimal combined amounts of these nutrients were N: 26.0&ndash<br />27.6 g m&minus<br />2, P: 24.2&ndash<br />26.4 g m&ndash<br />2, and K: 3.1&ndash<br />5.0 g m&ndash<br />2 during the establishment phase. The results suggest that optimized fertilization is key to sustainable nutrient management of bermudagrass integrated turf performance.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
bermudagrass turf management
NPK
Geography, Planning and Development
TJ807-830
chemistry.chemical_element
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
engineering.material
TD194-195
01 natural sciences
Renewable energy sources
Nutrient
Human fertilization
optimized fertilization
Dry weight
Tiller
GE1-350
Mathematics
Environmental effects of industries and plants
biology
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Nutrient management
Phosphorus
CCRD
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Building and Construction
Cynodon dactylon
sustainable developmental goals
biology.organism_classification
sustainable agriculture
Environmental sciences
chemistry
Agronomy
040103 agronomy & agriculture
engineering
0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Fertilizer
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20711050
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sustainability
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6f9c107f1496494af50974d9e9752798