A simple constitutive equation for entangled polymers with chain stretch

We propose a simple way of including chain stretch effects in convective constraint release theories for entangled polymers. The main idea is that the characteristic time of orientational relaxation depends in a series-parallel way on all three relevant mechanisms, i.e., reptation, constraint release (thermal and convective), and Rouse relaxation. As usual, a separate equation describes chain stretch, which however is assumed not to be affected by constraint release. The model is further simplified by writing the orientational equation in differential form. For step strains, the successful damping function of the Doi–Edwards theory is exactly preserved. Predictions in steady shear also favorably compare with typical data of nearly monodisperse polymers.