A diet containing n−3 and n−6 fatty acids favorably alters the renal phospholipids, eicosanoid synthesis and plasma lipids in nephrotic rats

The nephrotic syndrome was induced in rats by intravenous adriamycin (3 mg/kg). The rats were then divided into four groups which, for six weeks, were pair-fed diets containing beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO), a source of n-3 fatty acids, evening primrose oil (EPO), a source of n-6 fatty acids, or a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil, 75:25 (EPO:FO). The fat content of the diets was 15%. Significant incorporation of the fatty acids into kidney phospholipids was demonstrated. Diets containing FO, EPO and EPO:FO lowered plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol levels as compared with diets containing BT. Only EPO:FO raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, as compared with BT. The combination EPO:FO prevented the tenfold suppression of aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha caused by FO. These changes in plasma lipids and eicosanoid production are potentially antiatherogenic and may prevent glomerular sclerosis. The combination of EPO and FO, containing n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may offer advantages over either family of fatty acids in this model of nephrotic syndrome.