Metamorphic GayIn1?yP/Ga1?xInxAs tandem solar cells for space and for terrestrial concentrator applications at C > 1000 suns

The use of Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As instead of GaAs as a bottom solar cell in a Ga/sub y/In/sub 1-y/P/Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As tandem structure increases the flexibility of choosing the optimum bandgap combination of materials for a multijunction solar cell. Higher theoretical efficiencies are calculated and different cell concepts are suggested for space and terrestrial concentrator applications. Various Ga/sub y/In/sub 1-y/P/Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As material combinations have been investigated for the first time and efficiencies up to 24.1% (AM0) and 27.0% (AM1.5 direct) have been reached under one-sun conditions. An efficiency of 30.0-31.3% was measured for a Ga/sub 0.35/In/sub 0.65/P-Ga/sub 0.83/In/sub 0.17/As tandem concentrator cell with prismatic cover at 300 suns. The top and bottom cell layers of this structure are grown lattice-matched to each other, but a large mismatch is introduced at the interface to the GaAs substrate. This cell structure is well suited for the use in next-generation terrestrial concentrators working at high concentration ratios. For the first time a cell efficiency up to 29-30% has been measured at concentration levels up to 1300 suns. A small prototype concentrator with Fresnel lenses and four tandem solar cells working at C=120 has been constructed with an outdoor efficiency of 23%