Effective rate models for the analysis of transport-dependent biosensor data

Optical biosensors, including the BIACORE, provide an increasingly popular method for determining reaction rates of biomolecules. In a flow chamber, with one reactant immobilized on a chip on the sensor surface, a solution containing the other reactant (the analyte) flows through the chamber. The time course of binding of the reactants is monitored. Scientists using the BIACORE to understand biomolecular reactions need to be able to separate intrinsic reaction rates from the effects of transport in the biosensor. For a model to provide a useful basis for such an analysis, it must reflect transport accurately, while remaining simple enough to couple with a routine for estimating reaction rates from BIACORE data. Models have been proposed previously for this purpose, consisting of an ordinary differential equation with 'effective rate coefficients' incorporating reaction and transport parameters. In this paper we investigate both the theoretical basis and numerical accuracy of these and related models.