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The role of Thr5 in human neuron growth inhibitory factor
- Source :
- JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 11:476-482
- Publication Year :
- 2006
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2006.
-
Abstract
- GIF, a member of the metallothionein (MT) family (assigned as MT3), is a neuron growth inhibitory factor that inhibits neuron outgrowth in Alzheimer's disease. The conserved Thr5 is one of the main differences between GIF and other members in the MT family. However, natural sheep GIF has an unusual Ala5, casting doubt on the role of common Thr5. We constructed a series of human GIF mutants at site 5, and characterized their biochemical properties by UV spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, EDTA reaction, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reaction, and pH titration. Their inhibitory activity toward neuron survival and neurite extension was also examined. Interestingly, the T5A mutant exhibited distinct metal thiolate activity in the EDTA and DTNB reactions, and also lost its bioactivity. Meanwhile, the T5S mutant had similar biochemical properties and biological activity as wild-type human GIF, indicating the hydroxyl group on the Thr5 was critical to the bioactivity of human GIF. We suggest the hydroxyl group in human GIF may help stabilize the biologically active conformation. On the other hand, lack of the hydroxyl group in sheep GIF may be partially compensated by its abnormal structure.
- Subjects :
- Threonine
Circular dichroism
Cell Survival
DTNB
Mutant
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Biochemistry
Mass Spectrometry
Inorganic Chemistry
Structure-Activity Relationship
Neurites
medicine
Animals
Humans
Metallothionein
Rats, Wistar
Cells, Cultured
Neurons
Base Sequence
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Hydroxyl Radical
Chemistry
Circular Dichroism
Biological activity
Metallothionein 3
Rats
medicine.anatomical_structure
Mutation
Mutant Proteins
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Titration
Neuron
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14321327 and 09498257
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6ca8f63d03d1e8987f735662e54ae939