Electrosprayed Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Matrix Nanoparticles Accelerate Cellular Wound Healing and Reduce Gram-Negative Bacterial Growth

Treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome are still unavailable, and the prevalence of the disease has only increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mechanical ventilation regimens are still utilized to support declining lung function but also contribute to lung damage and increase the risk for bacterial infection. The anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown to be a promising therapy for ARDS. We propose to utilize the regenerative effects of MSCs and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a nanoparticle. Our mouse MSC (MMSC) ECM nanoparticles were characterized using size, zeta potential, and mass spectrometry to evaluate their potential as pro-regenerative and antimicrobial treatments. The nanoparticles had an average size of 273.4 nm (±25.6) and possessed a negative zeta potential, allowing them to surpass defenses and reach the distal regions of the lung. It was found that the MMSC ECM nanoparticles are biocompatible with mouse lung epithelial cells and MMSCs, increasing the wound healing rate of human lung fibroblasts while also inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common lung pathogen. Our MMSC ECM nanoparticles display characteristics of healing injured lungs while preventing bacterial infection, which can increase recovery time.