Shoulder loading reliability in seated able-bodied subjects

Shoulder performance and sensorimotor control assessments help to identify shoulder instabilities and document the rehabilitation progress. Testing seated subjects in a position of hand prehension requires less controlled adjustments to maintain body balance in a clinically relevant situation. The objective of this work was to determine the test–retest repeatability of a novel shoulder stability test in seated subjects with the ipsi-lateral hand in prehension during four arm loading conditions. Able-bodied subjects were seated on a rigid chair fixed to a force plate. A horizontally and posteriorly directed force was applied to the hand for four 4 loading conditions ranging from 0 to 3 kg. Ten postural balance parameters were calculated from the center of pressure displacements and its corresponding free moments. Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated for three consecutive trials and for four loading conditions. Generally, the intra-class correlations values increased gradually with the load and varied from 0.727 to 0.948. Tz values increased non-linearly with the applied load. The test–retest reliability of a new shoulder stability test in seated able-bodied subjects was high with sufficient loading (3 kg) and 3 trials.