Back to Search
Start Over
Modes of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Factors Influencing on the Airborne Transmission: A Review
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 395, p 395 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The multiple modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission including airborne, droplet, contact, and fecal–oral transmissions that cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to a public threat to the lives of people worldwide. Herein, different databases are reviewed to evaluate modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and study the effects of negative pressure ventilation, air conditioning system, and related protection approaches of this virus. Droplet transmission was commonly reported to occur in particles with diameter >5 µm that can quickly settle gravitationally on surfaces (1–2 m). Instead, fine and ultrafine particles (airborne transmission) can stay suspended for an extended period of time (≥2 h) and be transported further, e.g., up to 8 m through simple diffusion and convection mechanisms. Droplet and airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be limited indoors with adequate ventilation of rooms, by routine disinfection of toilets, using negative pressure rooms, using face masks, and maintaining social distancing. Other preventive measures recommended include increasing the number of screening tests of suspected carriers of SARS-CoV-2, reducing the number of persons in a room to minimize sharing indoor air, and monitoring people’s temperature before accessing a building. The work reviews a body of literature supporting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through air, causing COVID-19 disease, which requires coordinated worldwide strategies.
- Subjects :
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Physical Distancing
coronavirus
Air Microbiology
lcsh:Medicine
Review
Airborne transmission
law.invention
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
law
Environmental health
Ultrafine particle
Humans
Air Conditioning
030212 general & internal medicine
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
pandemic
lcsh:R
fungi
Masks
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
COVID-19
Multiple modes
infection
Ventilation
Disinfection
Transmission (mechanics)
Air conditioning
Ventilation (architecture)
Environmental science
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16604601
- Volume :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6aa9471474cb7187ecb963a3da8975bc
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020395