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Marine Acoustic Zones of Australia
- Source :
- Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 340, p 340 (2021), Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 3
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Underwater sound is modelled and mapped for purposes ranging from localised environmental impact assessments of individual offshore developments to large-scale marine spatial planning. As the area to be modelled increases, so does the computational effort. The effort is more easily handled if broken down into smaller regions that could be modelled separately and their results merged. The goal of our study was to split the Australian maritime Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) into a set of smaller acoustic zones, whereby each zone is characterised by a set of environmental parameters that vary more across than within zones. The environmental parameters chosen reflect the hydroacoustic (e.g., water column sound speed profile), geoacoustic (e.g., sound speeds and absorption coefficients for compressional and shear waves), and bathymetric (i.e., seafloor depth and slope) parameters that directly affect the way in which sound propagates. We present a multivariate Gaussian mixture model, modified to handle input vectors (sound speed profiles) of variable length, and fitted by an expectation-maximization algorithm, that clustered the environmental parameters into 20 maritime acoustic zones corresponding to 28 geographically separated locations. Mean zone parameters and shape files are available for download. The zones may be used to map, for example, underwater sound from commercial shipping within the entire Australian EEZ.
- Subjects :
- Absorption (acoustics)
Shear waves
ship noise
Ocean Engineering
010502 geochemistry & geophysics
01 natural sciences
lcsh:Oceanography
lcsh:VM1-989
Australian EEZ
Speed of sound
underwater noise
0103 physical sciences
Bathymetry
lcsh:GC1-1581
Underwater
010301 acoustics
Sound (geography)
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
Civil and Structural Engineering
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category
lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering
Marine spatial planning
multivariate mixture model
acoustic zone
sound propagation modelling
Submarine pipeline
Seismology
Geology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20771312
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 340
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6a08444b4ec0d6e9cd20770b54193acc