Pantheism and Escapism in Abu Madi's 'Enigmas' and 'The Evening' From English Romanticism Perspectives

In his article "Pantheism and Escapism in Abu Madi's 'Enigmas' and 'The Evening' From English Romanticism Perspectives" Yasser K. R. Aman investigates and analyses the possibilities of pantheism's encirclement of escapism in Elia Abu Madi's two poems from English Romanticism perspective. The article compares Abu Madi's fluctuating attitude towards escapism and pantheism to William Wordsworth's "Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour July 13, 1798," Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," and Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind," highlighting the affinities and differences. The argument of the article is that Abu Madi's skepticism in "Engimas" (الطلاسم), a representative poem of his works and of contemporary Arab romanticism, hinders him from finding an escape from "the here" and "the now;" while in "The Evening" (المساء), which displays overflow of feelings, Abu Madi makes his escape from the burdens of life and mingles with nature. Therefore, Abu Madi represents the fluctuation of contemporary Arab romantic poets, especially Al Mahjar School: either to embrace pantheism or to retreat in an impenetrable shell of self-isolation.