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Inherent Beta Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Autoimmune Susceptibility
- Source :
- Biomolecules, Biomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 512, p 512 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The pancreatic beta cell is a highly specialized cell type whose primary function is to secrete insulin in response to nutrients to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. As such, the beta cell has developed unique metabolic characteristics to achieve functionality; in healthy beta cells, the majority of glucose-derived carbons are oxidized and enter the mitochondria in the form of pyruvate. The pyruvate is subsequently metabolized to induce mitochondrial ATP and trigger the downstream insulin secretion response. Thus, in beta cells, mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), mitochondrial impairment has been shown to play an important role in beta cell dysfunction and loss. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmunity is the primary trigger of beta cell loss; however, there is accumulating evidence that intrinsic mitochondrial defects could contribute to beta cell susceptibility during proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, there is speculation that dysfunctional mitochondrial responses could contribute to the formation of autoantigens. In this review, we provide an overview of mitochondrial function in the beta cells, and discuss potential mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to T1D pathogenesis.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cell type
type 1 diabetes
medicine.medical_treatment
lcsh:QR1-502
Review
Mitochondrion
Biochemistry
lcsh:Microbiology
Epitopes
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Insulin Secretion
Autophagy
medicine
Animals
Humans
Glucose homeostasis
Secretion
Beta (finance)
Molecular Biology
Cellular Senescence
Type 1 diabetes
Chemistry
Insulin
autoimmunity
Mitophagy
pancreatic islet
medicine.disease
beta cell
Mitochondria
Cell biology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
030104 developmental biology
Beta cell
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 2218273X
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biomolecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....69ad3f4812fd5e2ed73725807c0622fc