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Proteomic Analysis of Marinesco–Sjogren Syndrome Fibroblasts Indicates Pro-Survival Metabolic Adaptation to SIL1 Loss
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 12449, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12449, p 12449 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Marinesco–Sjogren syndrome (MSS) is a rare multisystem pediatric disorder, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum cochaperone SIL1. SIL1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, which plays a central role in secretory protein folding. SIL1 mutant cells have reduced BiP-assisted protein folding, cannot fulfil their protein needs, and experience chronic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Maladaptive UPR may explain the cerebellar and skeletal muscle degeneration responsible for the ataxia and muscle weakness typical of MSS. However, the cause of other more variable, clinical manifestations, such as mild to severe mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, and skeletal deformities, is less clear. To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and/or adaptive responses to SIL1 loss, we carried out cell biological and proteomic investigations in skin fibroblasts derived from a young patient carrying the SIL1 R111X mutation. Despite fibroblasts not being overtly affected in MSS, we found morphological and biochemical changes indicative of UPR activation and altered cell metabolism. All the cell machineries involved in RNA splicing and translation were strongly downregulated, while protein degradation via lysosome-based structures was boosted, consistent with an attempt of the cell to reduce the workload of the endoplasmic reticulum and dispose of misfolded proteins. Cell metabolism was extensively affected as we observed a reduction in lipid synthesis, an increase in beta oxidation, and an enhancement of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with upregulation of eight of its enzymes. Finally, the catabolic pathways of various amino acids, including valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, aspartate, and phenylalanine, were enhanced, while the biosynthetic pathways of arginine, serine, glycine, and cysteine were reduced. These results indicate that, in addition to UPR activation and increased protein degradation, MSS fibroblasts have profound metabolic alterations, which may help them cope with the absence of SIL1.
- Subjects :
- X-Box Binding Protein 1
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2
autophagosome
Gene Expression
protein folding
unfolded protein response
BiP
pathway analysis
fibroblast
neurodegenerative disease
Endoplasmic Reticulum
medicine.disease_cause
Loss of Function Mutation
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Gene Regulatory Networks
Biology (General)
Amino Acids
Child
Spectroscopy
Spinocerebellar Degenerations
Mutation
Chemistry
Translation (biology)
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
Cell biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
QH301-705.5
RNA Splicing
Citric Acid Cycle
Primary Cell Culture
Protein degradation
Article
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Downregulation and upregulation
Lysosome
medicine
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
QD1-999
Molecular Biology
Gene Expression Profiling
Endoplasmic reticulum
Organic Chemistry
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Fibroblasts
Lipid Metabolism
Activating Transcription Factor 4
Gene Ontology
Secretory protein
Proteolysis
Unfolded protein response
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....694e1ab79ad21a4335250b6709dff3ef