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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Physiological Stress and Relapse among Treatment Seeking Tobacco Smokers
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3090 (2019), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 16, Issue 17
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Stress is robustly associated with tobacco smoking and relapse. African Americans experience greater difficulty quitting compared to whites, yet no studies have examined race differences in physiological stress biomarkers during a quit attempt. This pilot study compared cortisol levels among treatment-seeking African American and white smokers, and relapse rates. Adult smokers (N = 115<br />n = 72 African American, n = 43 White) received eight sessions of group cognitive behavioral therapy plus transdermal nicotine patches. Assessments included demographics, salivary cortisol (collected at session 1, the end-of-therapy [EOT], and one-month post-therapy), and carbon monoxide-verified smoking relapse. Overall, cortisol levels declined over the course of the day at baseline, the EOT, and the one-month follow-up. African Americans exhibited lower cortisol levels compared to Whites at baseline and the EOT, but not at the one-month follow-up. In addition, African American smokers exhibited flatter slopes compared to Whites at each time point. Relapse rates were greater among African Americans at the EOT and one-month follow-up. The attenuated cortisol pattern observed in African Americans may indicate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) exhaustion and aid our understanding of tobacco-related disparities. There is a need to focus on stress mechanisms and specific intervention approaches in order to eliminate racial/ethnic differences.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Hydrocortisone
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
medicine.medical_treatment
Ethnic group
lcsh:Medicine
cortisol
Article
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
03 medical and health sciences
Smoking relapse
stress
0302 clinical medicine
Recurrence
Stress, Physiological
Ethnicity
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
tobacco smoking
Physiological stress
African Americans
Smokers
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Treatment seeking
business.industry
Racial Groups
lcsh:R
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Tobacco Smokers
Tobacco Use Disorder
Middle Aged
Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
Cognitive behavioral therapy
medicine.anatomical_structure
racial differences
smoking relapse
behavior and behavior mechanisms
Female
Smoking Cessation
Racial/ethnic difference
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Demography
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16604601
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....686a7542c8358327a5c6a612d19f7b85