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Programmed cell death in Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff induced by several molecules present in olive leaf extracts
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e0183795 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017.
-
Abstract
- Therapy against Acanthamoeba infections such as Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE) and Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK), remains as an issue to be solved due to the existence of a cyst stage which is highly resistant to most chemical and physical agents. Recently, the activity of Olive Leaf Extracts (OLE) was demonstrated against Acanthamoeba species. However, the molecules involved in this activity were not identified and/or evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the main molecules which are present in OLE and secondly to study their mechanism of action in Acanthamoeba. Among the tested molecules, the observed activities ranged from an IC50 of 6.59 in the case of apigenine to an IC50 > 100 μg/ml for other molecules. After that, elucidation of the mechanism of action of these molecules was evaluated by the detection of changes in the phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, the permeability of the plasma membrane, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the ATP levels in the treated cells. Vanillic, syringic and ursolic acids induced the higher permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Nevertheless, the mitochondrial membrane was altered by all tested molecules which were also able to decrease the ATP levels to less than 50% in IC90 treated cells after 24 h. Therefore, all the molecules tested in this study could be considered as a future therapeutic alternative against Acanthamoeba spp. Further studies are needed in order to establish the true potential of these molecules against these emerging opportunistic pathogenic protozoa.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cell Membrane Permeability
Physiology
Cytotoxicity
Cell Membranes
lcsh:Medicine
Apoptosis
Acanthamoeba
Toxicology
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Biochemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Adenosine Triphosphate
Medicine and Health Sciences
Amoebas
lcsh:Science
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Energy-Producing Organelles
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
Protozoans
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Multidisciplinary
Cell Death
Phosphatidylserine
Mitochondria
Electrophysiology
Chemistry
Cell Processes
Physical Sciences
Cellular Structures and Organelles
medicine.symptom
Research Article
030106 microbiology
Bioenergetics
Biology
Membrane Potential
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Olive leaf
Phenols
Olea
parasitic diseases
medicine
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
Plant Extracts
lcsh:R
Organisms
Chemical Compounds
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Triterpenes
Parasitic Protozoans
Plant Leaves
030104 developmental biology
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Mechanism of action
chemistry
Acanthamoeba keratitis
lcsh:Q
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6841d247d4c79eaa3e25bfcf3f2278cb