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Estimation of benchmark dose for renal dysfunction in a cadmium non-polluted area in Japan
- Source :
- Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. 26(4)
- Publication Year :
- 2006
-
Abstract
- Previously, the association between urinary cadmium (Cd) concentration and indicators of renal dysfunction, including β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), total protein and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were investigated in 1270 inhabitants ≥ 50 years of age (547 men, 723 women) in a Cd non-polluted area in Japan and showed that a dose-response relationship existed between renal effects and Cd exposure in the general environment without any known Cd pollution. However, the threshold levels of urinary Cd could not be estimated at that time. In the present study, the threshold levels of urinary Cd were estimated as the benchmark dose low (BMDL) using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Urinary Cd excretion was divided into 6–7 categories, and an abnormality rate was calculated for each. Cut-off values for urinary substances were defined as corresponding to the 84% upper limit values, which were calculated from 2034 persons who had been living in the non-polluted areas and did not smoke. Then the BMD and BMDL were calculated using a log-logistic model. The values of BMD and BMDL for all urinary substances could be calculated. The BMDL for the 84% cut-off value of β2-MG, setting an abnormal value at 5%, was 2.0 µg g−1 creatinine (cr) in men and 1.6 µg g−1 cr in women. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the threshold level of urinary Cd could be estimated in people living in the general environment without any known Cd-pollution in Japan, and the value was inferred to be almost the same as that in Belgium and Sweden. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Subjects :
- β n acetylhexosaminidase
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Urinary system
Urology
chemistry.chemical_element
Urine
Toxicology
Risk Assessment
Excretion
chemistry.chemical_compound
Japan
Internal medicine
Acetylglucosaminidase
medicine
Prevalence
Humans
Total protein
Kidney
Creatinine
Cadmium
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Environmental Exposure
Middle Aged
Benchmarking
Proteinuria
medicine.anatomical_structure
Endocrinology
chemistry
Female
Kidney Diseases
beta 2-Microglobulin
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 0260437X
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....67c60ecb47d9edcc200513d8752d0a7e