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Non-monotonic contribution of nonionic surfactant on the retention of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in porous media
- Source :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials. 407:124874
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The concentration of nonionic surfactants like Triton X-100 (TX100) can influence the transport and fate of emerging contaminants (e.g., carbon nanotubes) in porous media, but limited research has previously addressed this issue. This study investigates the co-transport of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and various concentrations of TX100 in saturated quartz sand (QS). Batch experiments and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the interactions between TX100 and MWCNTs. Results indicated that the concentration ratio of MWCNTs and TX100 strongly influences the dispersion of MWCNTs and interaction forces between MWCNTs and QS during the transport. Breakthrough curves of MWCNTs and TX100 and retention profiles of MWCNTs were determined and simulated in column studies. MWCNTs strongly enhanced the retention of TX100 in QS due to the high affinity of TX100 for MWCNTs. Conversely, the concentration of TX100 had a non-monotonic impact on MWCNT retention. The maximum transport of MWCNTs in the QS occurred at an input concentration of TX100 that was lower than the critical micelle concentration. This suggests that the relative importance of factors influencing MWCNTs changed with TX100 sorption. Results from interaction energy calculations and modeling of competitive blocking indicate that the predictive ability of interaction energy calculations and colloid filtration theory may be lost because TX100 mainly altered intermolecular forces between the MWCNT and porous media. This study provides new insights into the co-transport of surfactants and MWCNTs in porous media, which can be useful for environmental applications and risk management.
- Subjects :
- 021110 strategic, defence & security studies
Environmental Engineering
Materials science
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
0211 other engineering and technologies
Sorption
02 engineering and technology
Carbon nanotube
Interaction energy
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Pollution
Concentration ratio
law.invention
Colloid
Chemical engineering
law
Critical micelle concentration
Environmental Chemistry
Porous medium
Dispersion (chemistry)
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03043894
- Volume :
- 407
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....67b0de187b769df2b6b3f83aaa2c8596