Editorial: Women in Science: Materials

According to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) data (UIS fact sheet, 2019), less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science related fields. In particular, STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) research is traditionally male dominated and women remain underrepresented. As UNESCO has highlighted, both science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensuring sustainable development. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue careers in STEM. Throughout history, the contributions of female researchers to scientific progress have been extremely important. Yet, whereas the extraordinarily talented Nobel laureate Marie Sklodowska-Curie is often mentioned as a role model, it is nowadays well established that countless women such as Lise Meitner have received less recognition and acknowledgement for their research findings than their male counterparts (so-called Matilda effect (Rossiter, 1993)). Also, women traditionally publish less than men according to the European Commission She Figures, the ratio of women to men among authors of scientific publications in the EU being on the average one to two (EU, 2018), and recent surveys are highlighting a further drop in academic submissions from female scientists since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic early 2020. Role models are definitely extremely important to show to younger generations the growing impact of female researchers to science. Therefore, continuing the spirit of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, Frontiers in Materials is proud to offer this platform to promote the work of female scientists, across the breadth of materials science and engineering. This inaugural ‘Women in Science: Materials’ collection (Fig.1) aims to highlight the impact of women researchers working in materials science and engineering. It gathers a selection of original articles with the lead author and/or corresponding author being a woman. 32 contributions (3 reviews, 1 brief research report and 28 original research articles) present advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems, across almost all sections of the journal:  Mechanics of materials (Bouquerel et al., Jeong et al., TerMaath et al., Zhu et al.);  Smart materials (Duc et al.);  Polymeric and composite materials (Badji et al., Berzin et al., Brunella et al., Hostettler et al., Martins and Gil, Mirbaha et al., Padhan et al., Quintana et al., Raj et al., Saffar et al.);  Carbon-based materials (Kato et al., Moulefera et al., Xu et al., Zhang et al.);  Structural materials (Bonoli et al., Boyer et al., Korat and Ducman, Manzi et al., Masi et al.);  Colloidal materials and interfaces (Garcia-Hernando et al., Pucci et al.);  Energy materials (Castro-Gutierrez et al.);  Ceramics and glass (Giosue et al.);  Environmental materials (Bassi et al.);  Biomaterials (Criado-Gonzalez et al., Kebaili et al.); The Guest Editorial team hope that this collection of papers will be the foundation of an international network of women researchers working in materials science and engineering, and a starting point for future collaborations and discussions.