Thickness-to-Height Ratio of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion Predicts the Clinical Outcome and Morbidity of Prostatic Artery Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Purpose To evaluate the presence of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and its thickness-to-height (T/H) ratio as a predictor for the clinical outcome and morbidity of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods This was a prospective, single-center, institutional review board-approved study from June 2015 to December 2018 of 82 consecutive patients (age, 53–79 years; median, 66 years) with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥15 and quality-of-life (QOL) score ≥3. The presence of IPP and its T/H ratio were assessed on baseline magnetic resonance imaging for their correlation with the clinical outcomes of suboptimal IPSS (IPSS ≥10) and suboptimal QOL (QOL ≥3) up to 12 months after PAE and the occurrence of post-procedure complications (≤30 days), which caused a certain degree of urinary outflow obstruction. The chi-squared test was used for analysis. Results IPP was present in 57 of 82 patients (69.5%). The presence of IPP correlated with the occurrence of post-procedure complications (P = .009) but not with suboptimal IPSS at 12 months (P = .758). IPP with a T/H ratio ≤1.3 correlated with suboptimal IPSS at 12 months (P = .025) and suboptimal QOL at 6 months (P = .025) and 12 months (P = .008), as well as with the occurrence of post-procedure complications (P = .009). Conclusions IPP with a T/H ratio ≤1.3 predicted the occurrence of post-procedure complications with urinary obstruction. A T/H ratio ≤1.3 but not the presence of IPP alone predicted the clinical outcome up to 12 months after PAE.