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Association of Protein and Endotoxin in Outdoor Air with Emergency Department Visits for Children and Adults with Asthma in Fukuoka, Japan
- Source :
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 43:1361-1366
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2020.
-
Abstract
- We examined the association of biological components in airborne particles, i.e., proteins and endotoxins, in outdoor air with asthma exacerbation in the Fukuoka metropolitan area, Fukuoka, Japan. Data on emergency department (ED) visits for asthma in children (age, 0-14 years) and adults (age, 15-64 years) were collected at a medical center from December 2014 to November 2015. One hundred eighty-one children and 143 adults visited the ED for asthma, and the weekly number of ED visits in children increased in autumn, i.e., September (second week) to November (first week). Fine (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and coarse (≥2.5 µm) particles were collected for 3 or 4 weeks per month, and protein and endotoxin concentrations were analyzed. Protein was largely prevalent in fine particles (0.34-7.33 µg/m3), and concentrations were high in April, May, June, and October. In contrast, endotoxin was mainly included in coarse particles (0.0010-0.0246 EU/m3), and concentrations were high in September (third week), October (first, second, and fourth weeks), February (fourth week), and July (first week). The results of a Poisson regression analysis indicated that endotoxin (in fine and coarse particles alike) was a significant factor for ED visits related to asthma in children, even after adjusting for meteorological factors, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. However, there was no association between environmental factors and ED visits for asthma in adults. These results suggest that endotoxin in outdoor air is significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation in children.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Pediatrics
Asthma attack
Pharmaceutical Science
0302 clinical medicine
Japan
Risk Factors
Child
Air Pollutants
Asthma exacerbations
Age Factors
General Medicine
Middle Aged
Symptom Flare Up
Child, Preschool
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
symbols
Female
Seasons
Emergency Service, Hospital
Environmental Monitoring
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Coarse particle
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
symbols.namesake
Air Pollution
medicine
Humans
Aerodynamic diameter
Poisson regression
Particle Size
Asthma
Pharmacology
business.industry
Infant, Newborn
Infant
Proteins
Environmental Exposure
Emergency department
medicine.disease
Endotoxins
030104 developmental biology
Increased risk
Particulate Matter
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13475215 and 09186158
- Volume :
- 43
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....673cc2f2a2ed48315c1341abb1fe1a99