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Virulent and attenuated strains of duck hepatitis A virus elicit discordant innate immune responses in vivo
- Source :
- The Journal of general virology. 95(Pt 12)
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Previous studies of duck hepatitis A virus infection have focused only on the pathogenicity and host response of one strain. Here, we show that the virulent SH strain and the attenuated FC64 strain induced varied pathogenicity, apoptosis and immune responses in the livers of 1-day-old ducklings. SH infection caused apoptosis and visible lesions in the liver; serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase and total bilirubin activities were markedly upregulated; and ducklings died at 36 h post-infection (p.i.). However, FC64 infection did not induce significant symptoms or impair liver function, and all of the infected ducklings remained healthy. In addition, both virus strains replicated well in the liver, spleen and intestine, whilst the SH strain replicated more efficiently than FC64. IFN-γ, IL-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide were strongly induced by SH infection, and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the SH strain. IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-stimulated transmembrane protein 1, IFN-stimulated gene 12, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like and IL-6 were moderately induced by SH infection at 24 h p.i., and dramatically induced by FC64 infection at 36 h p.i. The intensive induction of cytokines by FC64 may be involved in restriction of virus replication and stimulation of adaptive immune responses. Ducklings inoculated with FC64 produced high levels of antiviral antibodies within 45 days p.i. The low virulence and strong immune response of FC64 rendered this strain a good vaccine candidate, as confirmed by a protective assay in this study.
- Subjects :
- Virulence
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Apoptosis
Nitric Oxide
Virus Replication
Virus
Hepatitis Virus, Duck
Immune system
Immunity
Virology
Animals
Poultry Diseases
Innate immune system
Picornaviridae Infections
biology
Immunity, Innate
Ducks
Alanine transaminase
Liver
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal
biology.protein
RNA, Viral
Liver function
Antibody
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14652099
- Volume :
- 95
- Issue :
- Pt 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of general virology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....672688f5b3feac4e84fa3082e3ffcf16