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An image analysis of the major angles along the pathway of iliac veins involved in endovenous interventions
- Source :
- Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 9:81-87
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Objective The specific anatomic characteristics of the iliac veins are often important reasons for stent failure. However, to the best of our knowledge, the inherent angles and configurations of the iliac veins have not been thoroughly studied. Methods Fifty patients without venous diseases who had undergone computed tomography urography for diagnosis of urolithiasis were included in this study. The pathways of the iliac veins were mapped out, and the major angles were measured. The factors associated with steep angles were also evaluated. Results There were two relatively constant angles on the right side and three on the left side along the common femoral vein, external iliac vein, and common iliac vein. All these were measured with the patients in the supine position. The angles at the inguinal region (γ) and internal-external iliac vein confluence (β) were at similar sites for both sides. There was a third angle in front of the fifth vertebra for the left side (α). The γ angle was 125.03 ± 11.68 degrees for the right side and 122.26 ± 9.64 degrees for the left side. The β angle was 136.91 ± 14.24 degrees for the right side and 125.61 ± 20.76 degrees for the left side. According to the β angle of the left side, the iliac veins could be categorized into three types. For type I, the angle was >150 degrees (14% [7/50]). For type II, it was 120 to 150 degrees (50% [25/50]). For type III, it was ≤120 degrees (36% [18/50]). The angles between the anterior border of the fifth vertebra and pelvic inlet plane (0.866; 95% confidence interval, 0.777-0.966) and age (1.087; 95% confidence interval, 1.004-1.177) were related to type III configurations on multilogistic regression analysis. Conclusions There were several relatively constant angles along the pathway of the iliac veins. The pathway of the left side was more complex than that of the right side. This difference in the angles might be related to the patients' age and bone structures. These angles should be considered in planning iliac vein stenting as well as in designing stents specifically for the iliac veins.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Supine position
Adolescent
Computed Tomography Angiography
medicine.medical_treatment
Iliac Vein
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Patient Positioning
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Predictive Value of Tests
Supine Position
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
External iliac vein
Vein
Pelvis
Aged
Retrospective Studies
business.industry
Endovascular Procedures
Stent
Phlebography
Anatomy
Middle Aged
Vertebra
medicine.anatomical_structure
Iliac veins
Female
Stents
Surgery
Anatomic Landmarks
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Common iliac vein
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 2213333X
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6705178e5c2669170e948cff2d041a68