Tailoring two-dimensional nanomaterials by structural engineering for chemical and biological sensing

Atomically-thin two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure, an emerging class of nanomaterials, has achieved tremendous progress in the past decade and will remain a significant research topic in the near future Apart from the discoveries of various 2D nanomaterials, remarkable attentions have been paid to the rational design and alteration of architectures based on pristine 2D materials to meet demands of next-generation functional applications in the near term Herein, this review intends to provide an instant survey over the recent key advances on the structural engineering strategies of 2D nanomaterial-based architectures for new sensing capabilities and opportunities Through intrinsic or extrinsic alterations, the pristine 2D nanostructures of some unique intrinsic properties could be modified and functionalized in a predictable pattern to overcome existing drawbacks and obtain synergistic abilities, demonstrating a great potential in promoting sensing device performance In parallel with the review of latest development of structural engineering strategies and related highly functionalized sensor devices including sensing capabilities towards Covid-19 antigens, the underlying mechanisms of these designs are revealed to offer a unique insight in understandings of architecture design and property tailoring for boosting new sensing capabilities and performances