Botox or the new face of the fight against depression - literature review

Nowińska Martyna, Kozyra Magdalena, Raczkiewicz Przemysław, Kaczerska Marlena, Śmiech Natalia, Milanowska Joanna. Botox or the new face of the fight against depression - literature review.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(8):268-275. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.08.028 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.08.028 https://zenodo.org/record/5229158 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2021. Revised: 15.08.2021. Accepted: 20.08.2021. Botox or the new face of the fight against depression - literature review Martyna Nowińska1, Magdalena Kozyra1, Przemysław Raczkiewicz1, MarlenaKaczerska1, Natalia Śmiech1, Joanna Milanowska2 (1) Student Research Group of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin (2) Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin *Address for correspodence: Chodźki 11/118, 20-093 Lublin, telephone number: 786125119, e-mail address: m.nowinska98@gmail.com ORCID ID and E-mail Martyna Nowińskahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-698Xm.nowinska98@gmail.com Magdalena Kozyra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-4102madzia.kozyra.1221@poczta.onet.pl Przemysław Raczkiewicz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4833raczkiewicz.przemek@gmail.com Marlena Kaczerska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-4258mkaczerska2001@gmail.com Natalia Śmiech https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-7969natalia.smiech@gmail.com Joanna Milanowska https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1583joannamilanowska@umlub.pl ABSTRACT Introduction:Depression is a common psychiatric disorder leading to high burden especially for some other psychiatric comorbidity. Annually over 43 billion dollars are expended for patients with depression among them 28% are directly for depression and other costs are related to mortality and morbidity due to depression. The aim of the study: Paying attention to new options for treating depression – a disease that affects more and more people. Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: botulinum toxin; depression; treatment. Description of the state of knowledge: Injecting Botox into the muscles responsible for expression of anguish or sadness may potentially decrease the patients experience of feelings. Botox reversibly blocks acetylcholine release from neuronal axons into the synapse, inhibiting neuromuscular transmission. If the facial feedback hypothesis is correct, by injecting Botox into the corrugator and procerus muscles, it will reversibly inhibit frown facial expressions and have the capability of propagating or enhancing sad and depressed feelings. Summary: The results from all randomized control trials proved that botulinum toxin A injection in the glabellar region was associated with significant improvement mood and may be a safe and effective treatment to reduce symptoms of depression. Key words: botulinum toxin; depression; treatment