Emergency department visits for depression in the United States from 2006 to 2014

Background Patients with depression frequently seek care in the emergency department (ED), especially in the context of suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH). However, the prevalence and trends in the United States (US) of ED visits for depression have not yet been characterized using a nationally representative sample. This study evaluates ED trends for depression in the US from 2006 to 2014. Methods Data was obtained from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) in 2006 and 2014 using a primary ICD-9 diagnosis of depression or a primary diagnosis of suicidal ideation (SI) and a secondary diagnosis of depression. Results Between 2006 and 2014, there was a 25.9% increase in visits to the ED for depression, which was higher than the 14.8% increase in total ED visits during this time period. The mean inflation adjusted charges associated with depression-related ED visits increased by 107.7%, which was higher than the increase in mean charges for all ED visits in the same time period (40.47%). Visit rates were bimodally distributed with respect to age, with peaks in adolescence and middle age. Notably there was a 61.3% increase in ED visits for depression in individuals younger than 20 between 2006 and 2014. Over half of patients were admitted for inpatient care with a mean length of stay of 5.6 days in both years. Inpatient charges increased 71.8% between 2006 and 2014. Conclusions ED visits for depression in the United States rose 25.9% between 2006 and 2014, which was higher than the 14.8% increase in total ED visits during this time period. Over half of ED depression visits were admitted to inpatient stay (mean 5.6 days both years).