Physical performance capacity after pediatric kidney transplant and clinical parameters associated with physical performance capacity

Background History of chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation is known to influence physical performance capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance of pediatric kidney transplant recipients to healthy controls and to find possible correlations between clinical parameters and physical performance capacity. Methods Twenty-four pediatric kidney transplant recipients (62.5% boys) were tested at a median age of 10.8 years. Physical performance capacity was tested with a test set including six different components assessing muscle endurance, strength, speed, and flexibility. The control group consisted of 273 healthy age-matched schoolchildren. Clinical parameters were collected as part of routine follow-up protocol. The majority of patients (62.5%) had congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type (CNS) as primary diagnosis, and therefore, the results of CNS recipients were compared to the other disease groups. Results The physical performance capacity in pediatric kidney transplant recipients was lower compared to healthy controls. Surprisingly, no statistically significant correlation was found between graft function and physical performance capacity. The CNS patients scored worse than patients with other diagnoses in all test domains except for sit-and-reach and shuttle run, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion The physical performance of pediatric kidney transplant recipients is reduced, especially in those with congenital nephrotic syndrome. Clinical parameters, including graft function, did not predict physical performance capacity, suggesting that the reduced physical performance seems to be of multivariable cause. Graphical abstract