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Bioengineering of Novel Non-Replicating mRNA (NRM) and Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM) Vaccine Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Immunoinformatics Approach
- Source :
- Molecular Biotechnology
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Springer US, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Presently, the world needs safe and effective vaccines to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work has focused on formulating two types of mRNA vaccines that differ in capacity to copy themselves inside the cell. These are non-amplifying mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccines. Both the vaccine candidates encode an engineered viral replicon which can provoke an immune response. Hence we predicted and screened twelve epitopes from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. We used five CTL, four HTL, and three B-cell-activating epitopes to formulate each mRNA vaccine. Molecular docking revealed that these epitopes could combine with HLA molecules that are important for boosting immunogenicity. The B-cell epitopes were adjoined with GPGPG linkers, while CTL and HTL epitopes were linked with KK linkers. The entire protein chain was reverse translated to develop a specific NRM-based vaccine. We incorporate gene encoding replicase in the upstream region of CDS encoding antigen to design the SAM vaccine. Subsequently, signal sequences were added to human mRNA to formulate vaccines. Both vaccine formulations translated to produce the epitopes in host cells, initiate a protective immune cascade, and generate immunogenic memory, which can counter future SARS-CoV-2 viral exposures before the onset of infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12033-021-00432-6.
- Subjects :
- Original Paper
Vaccines, Synthetic
COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
NRM
mRNA
B and T cell
COVID-19
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
Bioengineering
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Biochemistry
Molecular Docking Simulation
SAM
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Antigen
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte
Humans
RNA, Messenger
mRNA Vaccines
Molecular Biology
Vaccine
Pandemics
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15590305 and 10736085
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular Biotechnology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....652e7a0b4042d5e2c0e9d47f9d8be858