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Investigational agents that protect pancreatic islet β-cells from failure
- Source :
- Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 14:1241-1250
- Publication Year :
- 2005
- Publisher :
- Informa Healthcare, 2005.
-
Abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion, which results in hyperglycaemia. This can then lead to diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance may be present earlier in the progression of the disease, it is now generally accepted that it is the deterioration in insulin-secretory function that leads to hyperglycaemia. This reduction in insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes is due to both islet beta-cell dysfunction and death. Therefore, interventions that maintain the normal function and protect the pancreatic islet beta-cells from death are crucial in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes so that plasma glucose levels may be maintained within the normal range. Recently, a number of compounds have been shown to protect beta-cells from failure. This review examines the evidence that the existing therapies for Type 2 diabetes that were developed to lower plasma glucose (metformin) or improve insulin sensitivity (thiazolidinediones) may also have islet-protective function. Newer emerging therapeutic agents that are designed to increase the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 not only stimulate insulin secretion but also appear to increase islet beta-cell mass. Evidence will also be presented that the future of drug therapy designed to prevent beta-cell failure should target the formation of advanced glycation end products and alleviate oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Type 2 diabetes
Nephropathy
Insulin resistance
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Diabetes mellitus
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents
Pharmacology (medical)
Pharmacology
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category
business.industry
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Drugs, Investigational
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Islet
Glucagon-like peptide-1
Metformin
Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
business
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17447658 and 13543784
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....64cd15b42556d6a35dc183a35c2ba364
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.14.10.1241