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The epigenetic landscape of mammary gland development and functional differentiation
- Source :
- Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 15 (1), pp.85-100. ⟨10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- HAL CCSD, 2010.
-
Abstract
- International audience; Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated by DNA methylation, histone variants, post-translational modifications of histones, non-histone chromatin proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetics plays a key role in development. However, very little is known about its role in the developing mammary gland or how it might integrate the many signalling pathways involved in mammary gland development and function that have been discovered during the past few decades. An inverse relationship between marks of closed (DNA methylation) or open chromatin (DnaseI hypersensitivity, certain histone modifications) and milk protein gene expression has been documented. Recent studies have shown that during development and functional differentiation, both global and local chromatin changes occur. Locally, chromatin at distal regulatory elements and promoters of milk protein genes gains a more open conformation. Furthermore, changes occur both in looping between regulatory elements and attachment to nuclear matrix. These changes are induced by developmental signals and environmental conditions. Additionally, distinct epigenetic patterns have been identified in mammary gland stem and progenitor cell sub-populations. Together, these findings suggest that epigenetics plays a role in mammary development and function. With the new tools for epigenomics developed in recent years, we now can begin to establish a framework for the role of epigenetics in mammary gland development and disease.
- Subjects :
- CHROMATIN
Cancer Research
Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis
RNA, Untranslated
Transcription, Genetic
Cellular differentiation
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Breast Neoplasms
Biology
EPIGENETIQUE
Chromatin remodeling
Article
Epigenesis, Genetic
Histones
03 medical and health sciences
DEVELOPMENT
0302 clinical medicine
Epigenetics of physical exercise
Mammary Glands, Animal
Animals
Humans
[INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Epigenetics
Mammary Glands, Human
ChIA-PET
030304 developmental biology
Epigenomics
Genetics
EPIGENETIC
0303 health sciences
Stem Cells
MAMMARY GLAND
Cell Differentiation
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Chromatin
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
MILK PROTEIN GENES
Female
Transcription Factors
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10833021 and 15737039
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 15 (1), pp.85-100. ⟨10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4⟩
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....647646ea30ca3404e1818d802c6526b8