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HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef
- Source :
- Retrovirology, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 103 (2011), Retrovirology
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2011.
-
Abstract
- Background A new subgroup of HIV-1, designated Group P, was recently detected in two unrelated patients of Cameroonian origin. HIV-1 Group P phylogenetically clusters with SIVgor suggesting that it is the result of a cross-species transmission from gorillas. Until today, HIV-1 Group P has only been detected in two patients, and its degree of adaptation to the human host is largely unknown. Previous data have shown that pandemic HIV-1 Group M, but not non-pandemic Group O or rare Group N viruses, efficiently antagonize the human orthologue of the restriction factor tetherin (BST-2, HM1.24, CD317) suggesting that primate lentiviruses may have to gain anti-tetherin activity for efficient spread in the human population. Thus far, three SIV/HIV gene products (vpu, nef and env) are known to have the potential to counteract primate tetherin proteins, often in a species-specific manner. Here, we examined how long Group P may have been circulating in humans and determined its capability to antagonize human tetherin as an indicator of adaptation to humans. Results Our data suggest that HIV-1 Group P entered the human population between 1845 and 1989. Vpu, Env and Nef proteins from both Group P viruses failed to counteract human or gorilla tetherin to promote efficient release of HIV-1 virions, although both Group P Nef proteins moderately downmodulated gorilla tetherin from the cell surface. Notably, Vpu, Env and Nef alleles from the two HIV-1 P strains were all able to reduce CD4 cell surface expression. Conclusions Our analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses. The inability to antagonize human tetherin may potentially explain the limited spread of HIV-1 Group P in the human population.
- Subjects :
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
viruses
Population
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
Adaptation, Biological
HIV Infections
Biology
GPI-Linked Proteins
Transfection
03 medical and health sciences
Antigen
Species Specificity
Antigens, CD
Virology
Animals
Humans
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Allele
Cloning, Molecular
education
Alleles
Phylogeny
Virus Release
030304 developmental biology
Genetics
0303 health sciences
education.field_of_study
Gorilla gorilla
Research
030302 biochemistry & molecular biology
HEK 293 cells
env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
virus diseases
3. Good health
HEK293 Cells
Infectious Diseases
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Tetherin
biology.protein
HIV-1
Antibody
lcsh:RC581-607
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17424690
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Retrovirology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....63cf872cfa875baf0c43679e254db374