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Assessment of optimal conditions for the restoration and recovery of agricultural soil
- Source :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials. 373:801-809
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2019.
-
Abstract
- We assessed whether soil with high Cr contamination could be reclaimed by alkali, mineral, and organic acid-based ligands (OABLs) washing. We tested HNO3, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, H2O2, lactic acid (LA), malic acid (MA), oxalic acid (OA), and citric acid (CA), together with EDTA, obtaining the highest efficiencies in presence of 1 M sulfuric acid (98%). Nonetheless we noted that using OABLs, we obtained a Cr(III) removal efficiency similar to the one obtained using mineral acids. Indeed 1 M of LA and MA and 0.8 M of OA allowed obtaining, respectively, 88%, 75%, and 67% removal percentage. The extraction process with OABLs was strongly dependent on intraparticle diffusion of Cr-LA, Cr-MA, and Cr-OA complexes. We also determined the apparent diffusion coefficients. Residual toxicity of treated soils was tested with the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The OABL washing generally allowed getting a soil without Cr and with reduced toxicity. However, the washing process also removed other cations that acted as nutrients. Consequently, we conducted toxicity tests on enriched soil and found that the mortality index improved. In some cases (LA and MA), mortality was comparable to that observed with uncontaminated control samples. In contrast, when contaminated soils were washed with sulfuric acid, in all conditions, we observed significant ecotoxicity. Therefore, we concluded that only the OABL treatment provided a non-toxic soil that could be reused for anthropic activities.
- Subjects :
- Chromium
Environmental Engineering
Cr removal
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Oxalic acid
Carboxylic Acids
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Organic acid-based ligands
01 natural sciences
Soil
chemistry.chemical_compound
Toxicity Tests
Animals
Environmental Chemistry
Caenorhabditis elegans
Waste Management and Disposal
Environmental Restoration and Remediation
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
chemistry.chemical_classification
021110 strategic, defence & security studies
Chemistry
Extraction (chemistry)
Agriculture
Sulfuric acid
Pollution
Lactic acid
Environmental chemistry
Soil water
Soil reclamation, Cr removal, Organic acid-based ligands, Cr(III) complexes, Caenorhabditis elegans
Malic acid
Cr(III) complexes
Soil reclamation
Citric acid
Acids
Organic acid
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03043894
- Volume :
- 373
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....63b2892023a347a232fa064b62203c99