Effects of feeding high carbohydrate or high fat diets. 1. Growth and metabolic status of the posthatch poult following immediate or delayed access to feed

Three experiments were conducted with turkey poults to determine the effects of diet and delayed placement on growth and selected aspects of carbohydrate metabolism. Immediately after hatch, poults were placed in batteries and allowed either immediate access to feed and water (FED) or feed and water withdrawal for 48 h (WH). In the first two experiments, diets contained a high proportion of carbohydrate from corn (CHO; 60% of diet) or a lower proportion of corn (26%) and 10% supplemental animal-vegetable fat (FAT). The WH poults weighed less than FED poults at 5 d postfeeding (DPF; Por = 0.05) but not at 13 DPF. Similarly, poults fed the CHO diet were heavier 5 DPF, whereas poults fed the FAT diet were heavier at 13 DPF (Por = 0.05). Regardless of feeding regimen (WH vs FED), all poults were nearly depleted of hepatic glycogen prior to feeding. At 2 DPF, poults fed the CHO diet had more hepatic glycogen concentrations compared with those fed the FAT diet (Por = 0.002). In addition, one-half of the WH poults fed the CHO diet had plasma glucose concentrations in excess of 500 mg/dL at 2 DPF. In Experiment 3, similar feeding regimens and diets were used with the addition of a third diet containing a synthetic medium-chain triglyceride emulsion (MCT) as the supplemental fat source. Poults fed the FAT and MCT diets were 41 g heavier than poults fed the CHO diet at 13 DPF (Por = 0.05). Similar to the results of Experiment 2, poults fed the CHO diet had increased hepatic glycogen concentrations at 2 DPF, and within the WH treatment at 2 DPF, 30% of the poults had plasma glucose concentrations in excess of 500 mg/dL. Metabolic consequences of delayed placement were also found. At both 4 and 7 DPF, WH poults had a reduced capacity for glucose clearance 60 min after a glucose load (250 mg; Por = 0.05). The current experiments demonstrate that supplemental fat may ease the metabolic shift toward glycolysis after hatching, thereby improving growth through 2 wk of age.