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Parallels with the Female Athlete Triad in Male Athletes
- Source :
- Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 46(2)
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Participation in sports offers many health benefits to athletes of both sexes. However, subsets of both female and male athletes are at increased risk of impaired bone health and bone stress injuries. The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is defined as the interrelationship of low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. The Triad may result in health consequences, including bone stress injuries. Our review presents evidence that an analogous process may occur in male athletes. Our review of the available literature indicates that a subset of male athletes may experience adverse health issues that parallel those associated with the Triad, including low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and low bone mineral density. Consequently, male athletes may be predisposed to developing bone stress injuries, and these injuries can be the first presenting feature of associated Triad conditions. We discuss the evidence for impaired nutrition, hormonal dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in a subset of male athletes, and how these health issues may parallel those of the Triad. With further research into the mechanisms and outcomes of these health concerns in active and athletic men, evidence-based guidelines can be developed that result in best practice.
- Subjects :
- Female athlete triad
Male
Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty
Bone density
Sports medicine
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Anorexia nervosa
Bone and Bones
Feeding and Eating Disorders
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Bone Density
medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Testosterone
Disordered eating
Bone mineral
biology
Athletes
business.industry
Hypogonadism
Female Athlete Triad Syndrome
030229 sport sciences
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Female
Bone Diseases
business
Energy Metabolism
Clinical psychology
Sports
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 11792035
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....638a1809f97ada526cb0fb5edba19e5e