Pegylated interferon and ribavirin gone but not forgotten in the era of direct-acting antivirals

BACKGROUND Therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) still remains the only option available for children in many Eurasian and European countries. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of host and viral factors on response to IFN-based therapy to optimize it for those in whom directly acting antivirals (DAA) are currently unavailable. METHODS Seventeen vertically infected, treatment naive children (10 male and 7 female) aged 5-16 years with CHC underwent a course of PEG-IFN+RBV. The end point was sustained virologic response (SVR). Host and virus factors were divided into pre- and ontreatment predictors of response to therapy. RESULTS Eleven patients obtained SVR (64%), 4 were nonresponders (23%), and 2 were relapsers (12%). Significant relationship was found between HCV RNA elimination and following variables: virus genotype and early virologic response (EVR) (p< .037, p< .029 respectively). Higher eradication rate was observed in patients infected with genotype 3 HCV (100% vs. 65% with genotype 1 or 4), and in those with undetectable HCV RNA by week 12 (88% vs. 66% with viremia). EVR was associated with SVR (83% vs. 0% in nonresponders; p< .004). C allele of IL28B rs12979860 was a predictor of EVR (p < .043). The SVR rates among CC, CT, and TT carriers were as follows: 75%, 67%, and 33%. CONCLUSIONS Detection of favourable HCV and IL28B genotype prior to commencement of PEG-IFN+RBV, and continuing it in patients with EVR is of major importance for those in whom DAA are still unavailable.