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Proenzyme Structure and Activation of Astacin Metallopeptidase
- Source :
- Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol 285, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 2010.
-
Abstract
- Proteolysis is regulated by inactive (latent) zymogens, with a prosegment preventing access of substrates to the active-site cleft of the enzyme. How latency is maintained often depends on the catalytic mechanism of the protease. For example, in several families of the metzincin metallopeptidases, a >cysteine switch> mechanism involves a conserved prosegment motif with a cysteine residue that coordinates the catalytic zinc ion. Another family of metzincins, the astacins, do not possess a cysteine switch, so latency is maintained by other means. We have solved the high resolution crystal structure of proastacin from the European crayfish, Astacus astacus. Its prosegment is the shortest structurally reported for a metallopeptidase, and it has a unique structure. It runs through the active-site cleft in reverse orientation to a genuine substrate. Moreover, a conserved aspartate, projected by a wide loop of the prosegment, coordinates the zinc ion instead of the catalytic solvent molecule found in the mature enzyme. Activation occurs through two-step limited proteolysis and entails major rearrangement of a flexible activation domain, which becomes rigid and creates the base of the substrate-binding cleft. Maturation also requires the newly formed N terminus to be precisely trimmed so that it can participate in a buried solvent-mediated hydrogen-bonding network, which includes an invariant active-site residue. We describe a novel mechanism for latency and activation, which shares some common features both with other metallopeptidases and with serine peptidases. © 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.<br />This work was supported by grants from European, Spanish, and Catalan public agencies (Strep FP7-223101-AntiPathoGN, BIO2008-04080-E, BIO2009-10334, CSD2006-00015, PSE-010000-2009-8, and 2009SGR1036) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant Sto185/3-3.
- Subjects :
- Metallopeptidase
Stereochemistry
medicine.medical_treatment
Amino Acid Motifs
Astacoidea
Matrix metalloproteinase
Biochemistry
Catalysis
03 medical and health sciences
Structure-Activity Relationship
Hydrolase
medicine
Animals
Molecular Biology
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
Metalloproteinase
Enzyme Precursors
Protease
Chemistry
030302 biochemistry & molecular biology
Metalloendopeptidases
Hydrogen Bonding
Cell Biology
Enzyme structure
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Zinc
Protein Structure and Folding
Astacin
Cysteine
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1083351X
- Volume :
- 285
- Issue :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....633e810e0439f3e1421473028419b982
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.097436