Peroneal flap: How to harvest and clinical appraisal for head and neck reconstruction

Summary Background A peroneal flap, the boneless version of fibula flap, is considered as the equivalent of radial forearm flap of the lower leg. Because it is thinner than an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, the use of a peroneal flap is a viable option for the repair of soft tissue defects when a thin flap could bring about better functional and cosmetic outcomes. In this article, we describe the details of peroneal flap harvest and present our experience with the use of peroneal flaps for head and neck reconstruction. Materials and Methods Between 1996 and 2017, a total of 265 peroneal flaps were used to reconstruct a variety of head and neck defects. With the same vascular anatomy and slight modifications to the harvesting technique of a fibula flap, a peroneal flap can be harvested within 1–2 h. All medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results A peroneal flap can be harvested as different types of chimeric flaps to fit a variety of head and neck defects. The peroneal flap failure rate was 3.4% and the postoperative complication rate was 12.8%. Conclusion A peroneal flap might be an alternative option for the reconstruction of head and neck defects.