Epidural needle insertion : A large registry analysis

Dural puncture, paraesthesia and vascular puncture are the most common complications of epidural catheter insertion. Their association with variation in midline needle insertion depth is unknown. This study evaluated the risk of dural and vascular punctures and the unwanted events paraesthesia and multiple skin punctures related to midline needle insertion depth. A total of 14,503 epidural catheter insertions including lumbar (L1–L5; n = 5367), low thoracic (T7–T12, n = 8234) and upper thoracic (T1–T6, n = 902) insertions, were extracted from the German Network for Regional Anaesthesia registry between 2007 and 2015. The primary outcomes were compared with logistic regression and adjusted (adj) for confounders to determine the risk of complications/events. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR, [95% confidence interval]). Midline insertion depth depended on body mass index, sex, and spinal level. After adjusting for confounders increased puncture depth (cm) remained an independent risk factor for vascular puncture (adjOR 1.27 [1.09–1.47], p = 0.002) and multiple skin punctures (adjOR 1.25 [1.21–1.29], p