A Versatile Environmental Impedimetric Sensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Highly Toxic Inorganic Ions

An impedimetric sensor for persistent toxic substances, including organic pollutants and toxic inorganic ions is presented. The persistent toxic substances are detected using an ultrasensitive technique that is based on electron-transfer blockage. This depends on the formation of guest-host complexes, hydrogen bonding, or a cyclodextrin (CD)-metal complex (Mm(OH)n-β-CD) structure between the target pollutants and β-CD.