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Novel, user‐friendly landmarks for localizing Baxter's nerve: A cadaveric study
- Source :
- Clinical Anatomy. 34:1022-1027
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- INTRODUCTION Identification of Baxter's nerve (BN) has proven challenging for less experienced practitioners using ultrasonography due to a lack of adequate landmarks. This study aimed to establish novel, user-friendly anatomical landmarks and to describe useful structures to localize BN. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 10 fresh cadaveric feet and identified the interobserver agreement of measuring three surface landmarks: the most medially protruded point on the medial malleolus (P), the navicular tuberosity (Q), and the center of the calcaneus (B). Next, 24 fresh cadaveric feet were used to identify the point of BN entry into the quadratus plantae (QP) muscle, which corresponds to the proximal BN impingement site. The rectangular coordinate system consisted of the origin (point P), X-axis, extension line P-Q, and Y-axis (the perpendicular line to the X-axis). To consider various foot sizes, the X and Y values were divided by the P-Q length and were designated as the ratios X and Y. RESULTS Points P and Q showed smaller interobserver differences than that of point B. Ratios X and Y were 61.25 and 99.80%, respectively, for the QP. BN arose from the lateral plantar nerve in 20 of 24 specimens. The adjacent vessel was
- Subjects :
- Male
Histology
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Medial malleolus
Cadaver
Humans
Medicine
Peripheral Nerves
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
0303 health sciences
Foot
business.industry
030206 dentistry
General Medicine
Anatomy
Middle Aged
Lateral plantar nerve
030301 anatomy & morphology
Navicular tuberosity
Female
Calcaneus
Anatomic Landmarks
Quadratus plantae
Ultrasonography
business
Cadaveric spasm
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10982353 and 08973806
- Volume :
- 34
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Anatomy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....60f1f74245b1c399d01c69d2238398a0