Frailty syndrome is associated with changes in peripheral inflammatory markers in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy

To evaluate the role of peripheral inflammation (leukocyte differential count, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-beta, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and the inflammatory markers fibrinogen and C-reactive protein [CRP]) in frailty syndrome in patients with prostate cancer (CaP) undergoing antiandrogen therapy (ADT).A total of 46 men between 51 and 92 years of age with CaP and receiving ADT were classified as frail, prefrail or robust according to the Fried scale. A geriatric assessment was performed, based on the Minimental State Examination for cognitive function, the Barthel index for basic activities of daily living, the Yesavage scale for geriatric depression, and the Athens insomnia scale. In addition, blood samples were collected to assess peripheral inflammation biomarkers including proinflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, CRP and leukocyte differential count, as well as other biochemical and hematological parameters.A significant negative correlation between the severity of frailty syndrome and lymphocyte count was observed (P0.01). The concentration of IL-6 (P0.05), CRP (P0.05), and fibrinogen (P0.01) were significantly associated with frailty syndrome, but not of TNF-α, IL-beta, or IL-8. The severity of frailty syndrome was not dependent upon the clinical disease stage at diagnosis, the time elapsed since CaP diagnosis, the presence of metastases, or prostatectomy.Further research into the role of leukocyte subtypes and peripheral inflammation and the associated adverse outcomes in patients with CaP under ADT is warranted in order to tailor interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of frailty syndrome, such as loss of muscle strength and low physical activity.