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Protective role of citric acid against oxidative stress induced by heavy metals in Caenorhabditis elegans
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 26:36820-36831
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- The adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium, zinc, and copper, occur due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of Caenorhabditis elegans for the purposes of conservation and biomonitoring is of great interest. In the present study, ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and citric acid levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in a model organism were tested to study toxicity. C. elegans was exposed to three different concentrations of cadmium (CdCl2, 5, 10, 50 μM), zinc (ZnSO4, 10, 100, 500 μM), and copper (CuSO4, 10, 100, 500 μM) for 3 days. ROS levels increased by 1.3- to 2.1-fold with increasing metal concentrations. The MDA content increased by approximately 7-, 5-, 2-fold after exposure to high concentrations of cadmium, zinc, and copper, respectively. Furthermore, the citric acid content increased by approximately 3-fold in the cadmium (Cd, 5 μM), zinc (Zn, 10 μM), and copper (Cu, 100 μM) treatment groups compared to that in untreated C. elegans. Therefore, citric acid may play an important role in heavy metal detoxification. Excess citric acid also slightly increased the LC50 by 1.3- to 2.0-fold, basic movements by 1.0- to 1.5-fold, decreased the ROS content by 2.4- to 2.1-fold, the MDA content by 4- to 2-fold, the SOD activity by 9- to 3-fold, the GPx activity by 4.0- to 3.0-fold, and the mRNA expression levels of GPxs by 3.2- to 1.8-fold after metals treatment. And it is most significantly in the alleviation of citric acid to cadmium. This study not only provides information to further understand the effects of heavy metal exposure on ROS, MDA, GPx, SOD, and citric acid in worms but also indicates that supplemental citric acid can protect animals from heavy metal stress and has broad application prospects in decreasing oxidative damage caused by heavy metals.
- Subjects :
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
chemistry.chemical_element
Zinc
010501 environmental sciences
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Antioxidants
Citric Acid
Superoxide dismutase
chemistry.chemical_compound
Malondialdehyde
Metals, Heavy
medicine
Animals
Environmental Chemistry
Food science
Caenorhabditis elegans
Heavy metal detoxification
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
chemistry.chemical_classification
Cadmium
biology
Superoxide Dismutase
Glutathione peroxidase
General Medicine
Pollution
Oxidative Stress
chemistry
biology.protein
Reactive Oxygen Species
Citric acid
Oxidation-Reduction
Copper
Oxidative stress
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16147499 and 09441344
- Volume :
- 26
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....60331f363e1740a3292c06655db12f04