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Insulin Enhances Migration and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Up-Regulation of FOXC2
- Source :
- Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 10 (2019), Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2019.
-
Abstract
- Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), yet many patients relapse with lethal metastatic disease. With this loss of androgens, increased cell plasticity has been observed as an adaptive response to ADT. This includes gain of invasive and migratory capabilities, which may contribute to PCa metastasis. Hyperinsulinemia, which develops as a side-effect of ADT, has been associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and faster treatment failure. We investigated the direct effects of insulin in PCa cells that may contribute to this progression. We measured cell migration and invasion induced by insulin using wound healing and transwell assays in a range of PCa cell lines of variable androgen dependency (LNCaP, 22RV1, DuCaP, and DU145 cell lines). To determine the molecular events driving insulin-induced invasion we used transcriptomics, quantitative real time-PCR, and immunoblotting in three PCa cell lines. Insulin increased invasiveness of PCa cells, upregulating Forkhead Box Protein C2 (FOXC2), and activating key PCa cell plasticity mechanisms including gene changes consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a neuroendocrine phenotype. Additionally, analysis of publicly available clinical PCa tumor data showed metastatic prostate tumors demonstrate a positive correlation between insulin receptor expression and the EMT transcription factor FOXC2. The insulin receptor is not suitable to target clinically however, our data shows that actions of insulin in PCa cells may be suppressed by inhibiting downstream signaling molecules, PI3K and ERK1/2. This study identifies for the first time, a mechanism for insulin-driven cancer cell motility and supports the concept that targeting insulin signaling at the level of the PCa tumor may extend the therapeutic efficacy of ADT.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
androgen deprivation
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
urologic and male genital diseases
lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Androgen deprivation therapy
03 medical and health sciences
Prostate cancer
Endocrinology
0302 clinical medicine
DU145
Downregulation and upregulation
LNCaP
medicine
epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Original Research
lcsh:RC648-665
biology
business.industry
medicine.disease
prostate cancer
invasion
Insulin receptor
030104 developmental biology
Cancer cell
hyperinsulinemia
biology.protein
Cancer research
FOXC2
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16642392
- Volume :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6011ec4ba239e9b4b790ae0aff3ea35d