An experimental comparison of hydrocolloid and alginate dressings, and the effect of calcium ions on the behaviour of alginate gel

Gel-forming dressings, which absorb the wound exudate to form a non-adherent gel, accelerate wound healing in a moist environment. The most commonly used of these dressings are calcium alginate and hydrocolloid membranes. This study was designed to evaluate the physical properties of these dressings, including fluid retaining ability, gel formation, and the dissolution process to clarify the mechanisms that promote healing. A simple immersion method was used for measurement. This technique was useful for the quantitative assessment of gel-forming dressings and may help to evaluate potential application of these dressings. A comparative analysis showed that alginate dressings remained gelled longer than hydrocolloid dressings. This result was consistent with previously reported clinical features of these dressings. The absence of calcium in wound fluid induced rapid resolution of alginate gel while the presence of a certain concentration of calcium prevented degradation of the gel for as long as one month.